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Why study cytochrome complexes? An answer is in the subtitle of the book “Evolution, Structures, Energy Transduction, and Signaling”. Studies on the cytochrome family of proteins include and, influence, a wide range of theoretical and computational approaches, as well as a broad cross-section of experimental techniques. Studies of cytochromes and cytochrome complexes thus utilize an extraordinary range of experimental approaches, described in this volume, which include: computational biology, genetics, macromolecular biochemistry, molecular biology, the physics of charge transfer, structure analysis using x-ray and electron diffraction, and ultra-fast spectroscopy. This information and understanding exerts an influence on a wide spectrum of subjects in modern biology, including molecular evolution, mechanisms of membrane-based respiratory and photosynthetic energy transduction, theory of charge transfer in proteins, structure-function of large hetero-oligomeric membrane proteins, including lipid-protein interactions, and trans-membrane signaling. The book starts with a historical introduction that focuses on research in the first half of the 20th century, and the pre-World War II development in England of the field and its notation, proceeding to a discussion of the evolution of cytochromes and hemes, fundamentals of the theory of electron transfer in proteins, and an extensive description of molecular structures of cytochromes and of the cytochrome complexes. The latter information has had a major impact on the broad field of the structure-function of integral membrane proteins, the newest area of macromolecular structural biology. The book includes thorough discussions on cytochrome oxidase including the use of the new non-destructive femtosecond “diffraction before destruction” X-ray free electron laser for diffraction analysis, and major sections on signaling, super-complexes, state transitions, and the interaction of linear and cyclic electron transport chains. The extent of fundamental research areas included in this book makes it an important resource for the teaching of broad aspects of biological energy transduction to advanced undergraduate and graduate students with interests in biology, biochemistry, biological engineering, chemistry, and biophysics.

Biology --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- systematische plantkunde --- biologie --- moleculaire biologie

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The authors, two sociologists, discover, follow-up, examine, and make sense of the cross-roads where the social and life sciences meet, surprised by the emergent story which they simultaneously witness and document. Together, they focus on Lea Hagoel’s professional path as a medical sociologist fitting in with bio-medical scientific work patterns of a multi-disciplinary team of physicians, nurses, bio-statisticians, IT personnel, molecular biologists, and managerial-administrative team members. Lea shared her experiences with Devorah, and what developed into this book consists of the story itself – the unfolding of events as observed and described by Lea who tells what it was like for a sociologist. Her story unfolds in the context of the ongoing dialogue which lasted more than two decades and turned into an autoethnography à deux. Finally, the ethnographers offer insights into the world of biology and medicine, into women’s lives, into being a native in a disciplinary culture, and into transdisciplinarity. In three parts, the book describes and theorizes the quest of a medical sociologist for transdisciplinarity. Part I explores the theoretical background, Part II presents the story of different stages in Lea’s experiences tracing the trajectory of her growing professional repertoire and discovering the practical meaning of how cross-disciplinary knowledge affects her performance as a researcher in the organization with which she is affiliated. Part III draws conclusions about what moving between disciplines can mean for a researcher. .

Teaching --- onderwijs --- opvoeding --- moleculaire biologie

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This book will be an excellent tool for practitioners seeking an update on the latest developments in the diagnosis and management of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Among the topics addressed are risk stratification, prognosis, screening and surveillance, impact of etiological and antifibrotic therapy, the gut microbiome and cirrhosis, prevention of decompensation/further decompensation, management of the acute bleeding episode, controversies in pediatrics, and vascular diseases of the liver in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic portal hypertension. The book is a compilation of lectures and important consensus statements from the Sixth Baveno International Consensus Workshop on Portal Hypertension, the most recent of a series of workshops held every 5 years for hepatologists with an interest in the field. Portal Hypertension VI will serve as a reference book for clinical and research fellows in Gastroenterology and Hepatology and should inspire new research projects in the areas identified as promising by the experts of the Baveno VI Faculty.

Biology --- Gastroenterology --- biologie --- gastro-enterologie --- leverziekten

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This book discusses the potential to enhance the dermatology profession’s valuable pattern recognition, diagnostic, and treatment skills via the evolution of modern medical techniques, including the advent of personalized medicine and genomics. These are now easily accessible and enable the customization of healthcare using molecular analysis to influence medical decisions, practices, and therapies for the individual patient. The evolution of the skin, and the manner in which dermatological conditions are described and managed, reveals the need to consider many aspects on a personal level. In addition, as more is understood about the biology of the skin and how the introduction of new antibiotics, biologics, and other therapies affect our skin’s ecological balance, this book aims to create a heightened sense of the importance and offerings of ecological dermatology. Personalized, Evolutionary, and Ecological Dermatology brings together the major biological topics and succinctly summarizes how the addition of personalized medicine with an evolutionary and ecological perspective, if used carefully and ethically, can assist dermatologists in becoming more successful treatment providers.

Pathological dermatology --- patroonherkenning --- genomics --- dermatologie --- moleculaire biologie

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This book presents a comprehensive overview of the roles of ᴅ-amino acids and latest research findings, to reveal their fascinating aspects and to facilitate better understanding of their important roles in physiology and diseases. It also provides useful hints for the development of drugs and functional foods. ᴅ-Amino acids were once called unnatural amino acids and were considered to be insignificant for eukaryotes especially in mammals. However, different ᴅ-amino acids have been revealed to be distributed in various mammalian tissues and to bear important physiological roles. For example, ᴅ-serine is implicated in memory formation and learning, and its abnormal concentration in tissues have been reported in neurological diseases such as schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ᴅ-Aspartate is found in a variety of mammalian tissues, particularly in the central nervous system and the genitals. ᴅ-Aspartate facilitates the endocrine secretion of prolactin, inhibits the secretion of melatonin, and plays a peculiar role in the control of reproductive functions in mammals, including the stimulation of testosterone synthesis. Written by the leading scientists in the field, this book is a valuable source of information for researchers in biochemistry, physiology, and neuroscience, as well as in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

General biochemistry --- Biology --- biochemie --- biologie --- geslachtshormonen --- aminozuren